Norton and Co., 1988).įor an analysis of the historiography of psychoanalysis, see Michael Steinberg, Judaism Musical and Unmusical (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008). The best and most intelligent example of this “liberal” approach is Peter Gay’s, Freud: A Life for Our Time (New York: W. I want to thank Eli Zaretsky for sharing with me his criticism of the image of the “liberal” Freud. Schorske, Fin-de-siecle Vienna: Politics and Culture (New York: Alfred A. (New York: Maxwell Macmillan International, 1992) p. The diary of Sigmund Freud, 1929–1939, Michael Molnar, ed. (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1993) p. The Complete Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones, 1908–1939, R.
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He would later tell Ernst Jones: “Unfortunately the power that has hitherto protected us - Mussolini - now seems to be giving Germany a free hand.” Letter to Ernest Jones. On fascist racism, see the excellent study by Aaron Gillette, Racial theories in fascist Italy (London: Routledge, 2002). Meir Michaelis, Mussolini and the Jews: German, Italian Relations and the Jewish Question in Italy, 1922–1945 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978). Renzo De Felice, Storia degli ebrei italiani sotto il fascismo (Torino: Einaudi, 1993) Michele Sarfatti, Gli ebrei nell’Italia fascista: vicende, identità, persecuzione (Torino: Einaudi, 2000) On the history Italian fascist antisemitism see Enzo Collotti, Il fascismo e gli ebrei: le leggi razziali in Italia (Roma: Laterza, 2003) On the history of Italian psychoanalysis, see Michel David, La psicoanalisi nella cultura italiana (Torino: Boringhieri, 1970). He wrote: “Although Weiss has direct access to Mussolini and received from him a favorable promise, the ban could not be lifted.” Letter to Arnold Zweig, September 30, 1934. One year later Freud thought about the Forzano-Weiss connection regarding the ban. This, of course, was not enough and the Italian Journal of Psychoanalysis was banned by the end of 1933, a year of great antisemitic agitation in fascist Italy. Freud presented Weiss as “my friend and pupil.” The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, James Strachey, ed. See Edoardo Weiss, Sigmund Freud as a Consultant (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1991) pp. Edoardo Weiss had a slightly different version of the events. 4.įor Ernest Jones description of the meeting, see Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (New York: Basic Books, 1957) vol. This study shows that the genetic model used affects the outcome of linkage analysis.Sigmund Freud, An Outline of Psychoanalysis (New York: Norton, 1949) Orig. Moreover, the high penetrance allowed the identification of genetic heterogeneity.Ĭonclusions: Our data confirm the relevance of the chromosome 16 locus in BFIS and suggest the presence of an additional locus. Evidence of linkage was obtained only for chromosome 16. One patient without BFIS had a single febrile seizure, and another had rare episodes of paroxysmal dystonia. Results: Clinical information was available for 124 members of affected families. Genetic heterogeneity was evaluated with both models. Chromosome 16p and 19q loci were examined by linkage analysis using two models that differed in penetrance rate.
Families with SCN2A or ATP1A2 mutations were excluded from the study. Clinical information about relatives was collected.
Probands underwent neurologic examination, at least one EEG recording, and, when possible, brain CT and MRI. We have examined the heterogeneous genetics of BFIS by means of linkage analysis. Infantile seizures also were in a family with familial hemiplegic migraine and mutations in the ATP1A2 gene. The identification of SCN2A mutations in families with only infantile seizures indicated that BFNIS and BFIS may show overlapping clinical features. BFIS loci were identified on chromosomes 19q12-13.1 and 16p12-q12, allelic to infantile convulsions and choreathetosis. Summary: Purpose: Benign familial infantile seizures (BFIS) is a genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by partial seizures, onset age from 3 to 9 months, and favorable outcome.
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